Obsessive Compulsive Disorders

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is characterized by a cycle of obsessions and compulsions. Obsessions are persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that trigger intense anxiety, fear, or distress. In response, individuals engage in compulsions—either visible behaviors (such as avoidance, engaging in behaviors, or seeking reassurance) or internal mental compulsions (such as reviewing, counting, or praying)—in an effort to reduce that anxiety or prevent something bad from happening. While compulsions may provide temporary relief, they ultimately reinforce the OCD cycle, making the obsessions more persistent over time. With evidence-based treatment, it is possible to break this cycle and regain a greater sense of freedom and peace.

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Obsessions

Obsessions are persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that cause significant anxiety or distress. Common obsessions include:

• Fear of contamination (germs, illness, chemicals)

• Fear of harming oneself or others (accidentally or intentionally)

• Excessive doubt and uncertainty (e.g., "Did I lock the door?")

• Need for symmetry, order, or things to feel "just right"

• Religious or moral fears (scrupulosity)

• Unwanted sexual thoughts or images

• Fear of making mistakes or being responsible for something bad happening

• Intrusive violent or disturbing thoughts

• Health-related fears

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Compulsions

Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce anxiety or prevent a feared outcome, even though they are excessive or not realistically connected to the fear. Common compulsions include:

• Excessive handwashing or cleaning

• Checking locks, appliances, or other items repeatedly

• Reassurance seeking

• Repeating actions, words, or phrases

• Counting or performing tasks a certain number of times

• Arranging or organizing items until they feel "just right"

• Avoiding people, places, or situations that trigger obsessions

• Mentally reviewing events

• Praying or mentally repeating phrases to neutralize intrusive thoughts

• Confessing or seeking certainty